Reasons for Using Coal as Boiler Fuel
Coal is the most abundant of fossil fuels. The world currently consumes over 7,800 million tonnes of coal which is used by a variety of sectors including power generation, iron and steel production, cement manufacturing and as a liquid fuel. Coal is primarily used as a solid fuel to produce electricity and heat through combustion.
When coal is used for electricity generation, it is usually pulverized and then burned in a furnace with a boiler.The furnace heat converts boiler water to steam, which is then used to spin turbines which turn generators and create electricity.
An alternative approach of using coal for electricity generation with improved efficiency is the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant. Instead of pulverizing the coal and burning it directly as fuel in the steam-generating boiler, the coal is gasified to create syngas, which is burned in a gas turbine to produce electricity (just like natural gas is burned in a turbine). Hot exhaust gases from the turbine are used to raise steam in a heat recovery steam generator which powers a supplemental steam turbine.
At least 40% of the world's electricity comes from coal, and in 2016, 30% of the United States' electricity came from coal. In Denmark, a net electric efficiency of >47% has been obtained at the coal-fired Nordjyllandsværket CHP Plant and an overall plant efficiency of up to 91% with cogeneration of electricity and district heating. The multifuel-fired Avedøreværket CHP Plant just outside Copenhagen can achieve a net electric efficiency as high as 49%. The overall plant efficiency with cogeneration of electricity and district heating can reach as much as 94%.
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