Rice Husk as Fuel for Boiler
The energy-rich substance to have high energy content as thermal mass can be used directly or converted into other energy forms to serve the needs of human beings, such as light, heat, and power, which acts as a carrier of energy resources. A biological thermal mass with fixed energy content is created by photosynthesis via solar radiation. The regular production of biological thermal mass is closely related to the outcome of agriculture practice. As rice is the staple food of many oriental nations, the accompanied product of rice as rice husk is said to be a representative of biological thermal mass.
Energy saving and carbon reduction" has now become a global issue in the past two decades. Because the bio-energy production and utilization has the functions with fixed carbon and zero net carbon output, some bio-energy related products have the advantages of fossil fuel substitute. Such as the heat generated with rice husks furnace can partially replace the consumption of fossil fuel or heavy fuel for drying of agricultural products. It has become the focus of alternative energy development.
Rice husk is rich in cellulose, semi-cellulose and lignin. Rice husk does not have any production cost for a rice mill, because it seems to be a naturally occurring product in the rice milling process. If the rice husk should not be treated as a furnace fuel, it is a waste or trash for rice mill. It will become a burden of the rice mill. In terms of calorific value of rice husk it is about 3,000-3,542 kcal/kg (12,600-14,876.4kJ/kg) (Lee, 1998). The energy value is approximately one-fourth of kerosene or 1kg kerosene is about 2.4kg of rice husk. Because combustion temperature can reach 800-1000℃, rice husk is a good furnace combustion material. The application of rice husk furnace in a rice mill has the following advantages, such as low production and transportation costs, high calorific value and ease to use; therefore, it is a very good bio-energy resource.
Most agricultural by-products including lots of agricultural residues contain abundant bio-energy. So most agricultural by-products, which are dried and grounded to an appropriate size, can be treated as fuel to the developed furnace. For example, peanut shell, corn cob, rice stalk and etc. can be used as bio-thermal mass.
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